london underground line, with most stationslondon underground line, with most stations

[11] Outside the tunnels of central London, many lines' trains tend to travel at over 40mph (64km/h) in the suburban and countryside areas. A little tip I got from a poster on here that saved me time was, at Heathrow airport get on the rear of the rear underground coach and at Kings Cross you are right next to the exit leading to Kings Cross Station. Section 10 - Network Rail, London Underground - Individual Working Alone, Underground Electric Railways Company of London, Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway, Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, The Rail Vehicle Accessibility (Non Interoperable Rail System) Regulations 2010, List of former and unopened London Underground stations, Learn how and when to remove this template message, London Underground infrastructure: Ventilation and cooling, London Underground infrastructure: Lifts and escalators, List of listed London Underground stations, Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, List of busiest London Underground stations, "About TfL What we do London Underground Facts & figures", "Public Transport Journeys by Type of Transport", "National Rail Enquiries London Underground", "An overview of the British rail industry", "Annual Report and Statement of Accounts", "London Underground: 150 fascinating Tube facts", "Why are there so few tube lines in South London? Bakerloo line capacity could be increased by 25% with 27 tph at peak times by 2033. [175] Each lift was staffed, and at some quiet stations in the 1920s the ticket office was moved into the lift, or it was arranged that the lift could be controlled from the ticket office. [326][327] Major commissions by Art on the Underground in recent years have included Labyrinth by Turner prize winning artist Mark Wallinger to mark the 150th anniversary of the London Underground,[328] "Diamonds and Circles" permanent works "in situ" by French artist Daniel Buren at Tottenham Court Road[329] and "Beauty < Immortality", a memorial to Frank Pick by Langlands & Bell at Piccadilly Circus. Because these costs are unevenly distributed across stations and platforms, path choice analyses may be helpful in guiding upgrades and choice of new stations. Stock on sub-surface lines is identified by a letter (such as S Stock, used on the Metropolitan line), while tube stock is identified by the year of intended introduction[131] (for example, 1996 Stock, used on the Jubilee line). [148][149], The line was upgraded with five new 1992-stock trains in the early 1990s, at the same time as the Central line was upgraded. [141], The signalling system on the Victoria line has been replaced to increase capacity on the line by around 25%; the line now runs up to 36 trains per hour compared to 2728 previously. [66][71] Also during the 1960s, the Victoria line was dug under central London and, unlike the earlier tunnels, did not follow the roads above. [37] Ironically, the term Tube was later adopted alongside the Underground. The tours look at the history of the network and feature historical details drawn from the museum's own archives and collections. Access from platform to train at some stations can be assisted using a boarding ramp operated by staff, and a section has been raised on some platforms to reduce the step. WebPDF 581KB. Three South Western Railway passenger trains a day use District Line tracks between Wimbledon and East Putney. WebThe London Underground, also known as the Tube, is a public transportation system that serves the Greater London area. [10] As of 2015[update], 92% of operational expenditure is covered by passenger fares. [73], On 28 February 1975, a southbound train on the Northern City Line failed to stop at its Moorgate terminus and crashed into the wall at the end of the tunnel, in the Moorgate tube crash. As of 2021, the record for fastest completion was held by Steve Wilson (UK) and Andi James (Finland), who completed the challenge in 15 hours, 45 minutes and 38 seconds on 21 May 2015. WebExplore London's famous network of Tube stations and easily find your way around town with this handy guide to London Underground stops.

Stopping services, which stop at every station on the route, may be described as "all-stations" services. [145][146], The signalling system on the Northern line has been replaced to increase capacity on the line by 20%, as the line now runs 24 trains per hour at peak times, compared to 20 previously. Two platforms serve the subsurface Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines with the remaining six platforms are deep Tube lines of the Northern, Piccadilly and Victoria lines with two platforms each.

[221] Some lines are occasionally closed for scheduled engineering work at weekends. [34] These two ran electric trains in circular tunnels having diameters between 11feet 8inches (3.56m) and 12feet 2.5inches (3.72m),[35] whereas the Great Northern and City Railway, which opened in 1904, was built to take main line trains from Finsbury Park to a Moorgate terminus in the City and had 16-foot (4.9m) diameter tunnels. London Transport Museum runs guided tours of several disused stations including Down Street and Aldwych through its "Hidden London" programme.

The service operates on the: The Jubilee, Piccadilly and Victoria lines, and the Central line between White City and Leytonstone, operate at 10-minute intervals. [45], A joint marketing agreement between most of the companies in the early years of the 20th century included maps, joint publicity, through ticketing and UNDERGROUND signs, incorporating the first bullseye symbol,[37] outside stations in Central London. [64], On 1 January 1948, under the provisions of the Transport Act 1947, the London Passenger Transport Board was nationalised and renamed the London Transport Executive, becoming a subsidiary transport organisation of the British Transport Commission, which was formed on the same day. [134] Due to financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, work to implement the extension is currently on hold. Today's tube map is an evolution of that original design, and the ideas are used by many metro systems around the world. [320], The Johnston Sans letter font began appearing on posters from 1917. [262] Although Fred H. Stingemore enlarged the central area of the map, it was Harry Beck who took this further by distorting geography and simplifying the map so that the railways appeared as straight lines with equally spaced stations. [32] The Waterloo and City Railway opened in 1898,[33] followed by the Central London Railway in 1900, known as the "twopenny tube".

[56], In the following years, the outlying lines of the former Metropolitan Railway closed, the Brill Tramway in 1935, and the line from Quainton Road to Verney Junction in 1936. WebThe Underground is served by the following depots: Bakerloo: Stonebridge Park, Queen's Park, London Road. Central, 5.7m per mile. [16] The Underground first started accepting contactless debit and credit cards in September 2014. [246], London Underground is authorised to operate trains by the Office of Rail Regulation. See the stations in the map below (August 2022). 41miles (66 km) long. Underground. [37] The Metropolitan even encouraged beards for staff to act as an air filter. WebPDF 581KB. Waterloo & City, 10.6m per mile. Customer satisfaction with London Underground by line Q2 2019/20. The Bakerloo line will receive new trains as part of the New Tube for London project. The 11 lines collectively handle up to 5million passenger journeys a day and serve 272 stations. Opened in 1863.

District: Ealing Common, Lillie Bridge Depot, Upminster.

The line is predicted to run a maximum of 27 trains per hour, a 25% increase on the current 21 trains per hour during peak periods. [106], London Underground's eleven lines total 402 kilometres (250mi) in length,[1] making it the seventh longest metro system in the world. London Underground also plans to add up to an additional 18 trains to the current fleet of 63 trains of 1996 stock. 1 Apr 2023, 20:12. In others, such as British Museum, all evidence of the station has been lost through demolition. Five trains will be required for the Northern line extension and 45 to increase frequencies on the rest of the line.

On 19 August 2016, London Underground launched a 24-hour service on the Victoria and Central lines with plans in place to extend this to the Piccadilly, Northern and Jubilee lines starting on Friday morning and continuing right through until Sunday evening. [174], Originally access to the deep-tube platforms was by a lift. [78] One person operation had been planned in 1968, but conflict with the trade unions delayed introduction until the 1980s. In some cases, such as Aldwych and Ongar, the buildings remain and are used for other purposes. WebGreater London is served by 11 Tube lines, along with the Docklands Light Railway (DLR), the London Overground, the Elizabeth line and National Rail services. Coloured red on the Tube map, the line serves 49 stations over 46 miles (74 km). Estimated to cost between 4.7bn to 7.9bn (in 2017 prices), the extension would take around 7 years to construct. [10] The system serves 272 stations and has 250 miles (400km) of track. [188] It was not previously possible to use mobile phones on most parts of the Underground (excluding services running overground or occasionally sub-surface, depending on the phone and carrier) using native 2G, 3G or 4G networks, and a project to extend coverage before the 2012 Olympics was abandoned because of commercial and technical difficulties. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walk-through trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. [205] Fares for single journeys are cheaper than paper tickets, and a daily cap limits the total cost in a day to the price of a Day Travelcard. The Central line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. A little tip I got from a poster on here that saved me time was, at Heathrow airport get on the rear of the rear underground coach and at Kings Cross you are right next to the exit leading to Kings Cross Station. [125] Since the early 1960s all passenger trains have been electric multiple units with sliding doors[126] and a train last ran with a guard in 2000. [182] The only wooden escalator not to be replaced was at Greenford station, which remained until March 2014 when TfL replaced it with the first incline lift on the UK transport network in October 2015. The shortest, at Stratford, gives a vertical rise of 4.1 metres (13ft). [337], The London Underground provides busking permits for up to 39 pitches across 25 central London stations, with over 100,000 hours of live music performed each year. [340] Routes on the Underground can also be optimized using a global network optimization approach, akin to routing algorithms for Internet applications. [325] Today, commissions range from the pocket tube map cover, to temporary art pieces, to large scale permanent installations in stations.

[31], For the first deep-level tube line, the City and South London Railway, two 10feet 2inches (3.10m) diameter circular tunnels were dug between King William Street (close to today's Monument station) and Stockwell, under the roads to avoid the need for agreement with owners of property on the surface. [98][99] The project involved rebuilding and expanding several central Underground stations including Tottenham Court Road and Whitechapel.

", "Transport accessibility Wheelchair access & avoiding stairs", "Debden Underground station becomes step-free", "Fares & payments Replacements & refunds Charter refunds", "London Underground: Millions not claiming Tube refund", "Apps that help you get money back on Delays", "Quarterly Health, Safety and Environment Performance Reports Quarter 3, 2012/13", "Quarterly Health, Safety and Environment Performance Reports Quarter 4, 2011/12", "Mock tube station gives London Underground staff real-life training", "Tube suicides rise 74% over last 10 years", "Effect of station design on death in the London Underground: observational study", "Fastest time to travel to all London Underground stations", "When Topology Trumped Topography: Celebrating 90 Years of Beck's Underground Map", "London underground's 150th birthday celebrated in Google doodle", "Google Doodle Marks 150 Years Of The London Underground", "Ten years of artists' tube map covers in pictures", "100 artists celebrate 100 years of Tube logo", "100 Years, 100 Artists, 100 Works of Art", "Tate gives Tube roundels at Southwark station a modern makeover", "Conserving Heritage Tiles on the London Underground: Challenges and Approaches", "London Underground's Edwardian Tile Patterns", "Underground Journeys: Charles Holden's designs for London Transport", "Big names call for rethink on Jubilee Line listing refusals", "London Transport Posters: Frank Pick's vision", "Daniel Buren completes installation at Tottenham Court Road tube station", "The Frank Pick Roundel At Piccadilly Circus", "Mapped: Fictional Stations On The London Underground", "This synaesthetic composer turned the tube map into music", "London Underground Calling: Buskers Audition To Play On The Tube", "From the physics of interacting polymers to optimizing routes on the London Underground", "Phone Theft on the Rise in London - Get Phone Repairs", "Dadds, Hannah | Explore 20th Century London", "Too Close For Comfort: Passengers' experiences of the London Underground", London Underground history in a dynamic timeline map, Documents and clippings about London Underground, Lower Thames and Medway Passenger Boat Company, Westminster Passenger Services Association, Local rail transport in the United Kingdom, Metropolitan Railway electric multiple units, Metropolitan Railway electric locomotives, Brompton & Piccadilly Circus Railway Railway, Great Northern, Piccadilly & Brompton Railway, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London_Underground&oldid=1148151445, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from May 2013, Articles needing additional references from June 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2013, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Articles slanted towards recent events from May 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from May 2022, Articles with Structurae structure identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The line between Campbell Road junction (now closed), near. The line is predicted to run 3036 trains per hour, up to a 50% increase compared to the 2425 train per hour service provided today.

In recent years, the stations of the 1990s Jubilee Line Extension were designed in a high-tech style by architects such as Norman Foster and Michael Hopkins. Ackroyd, P. (2012). [193] The EE network has also recently released a Wi-Fi calling feature available on the iPhone. [257] A Central London Railway route diagram appears on a 1904 postcard and 1905 poster,[258] similar maps appearing in District Railway cars in 1908. [245] Mobile phone apps and services have been developed to help passengers claim their refund more efficiently. [70] In 1962, the British Transport Commission was abolished, and the London Transport Executive was renamed the London Transport Board, reporting directly to the Minister of Transport. Other famous London Underground branding includes the roundel and the Johnston typeface, created by Edward Johnston in 1916. Passengers intending to travel into or out of London Victoria station over the Easter weekend are being advised to plan ahead, with line Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and add more content related to non-recent events. [43], In January 1913, the UERL acquired the Central London Railway and the City & South London Railway, as well as many of London's bus and tram operators. [7] The network has expanded to 11 lines, and in 2020/21 was used for 296million passenger journeys,[8] making it one of the world's busiest metro systems.

[292] The Met's architect Charles Walter Clark had used a neo-classical design for rebuilding Baker Street and Paddington Praed Street stations before the First World War and, although the fashion had changed, continued with Farringdon in 1923. [101] The Northern Line Extension opened in September 2021, extending the Northern line from Kennington to Battersea Power Station via Nine Elms. [28] Both railways expanded, the District building five branches to the west reaching Ealing, Hounslow,[29] Uxbridge,[30] Richmond and Wimbledon[29] and the Metropolitan eventually extended as far as Verney Junction in Buckinghamshire, more than 50 miles (80km) from Baker Street and the centre of London. This system depends on adequate cross-sectional area of the airspace above the passengers heads in the foot tunnels and escalators, where laminar airflow is proportional to the fourth power of the radius, the HagenPoiseuille equation. Coloured red on the Tube map, the line serves 49 stations over 46 miles (74 km). [107], Fifty-five per cent of the system runs on the surface. Trains: represented by two parallel lines (=). [76] Under the control of the GLC, London Transport introduced a system of fare zones for buses and underground trains that cut the average fare in 1981. [91] In 2019[update], over 12 million Oyster cards and 35 million contactless cards were used, generating around 5bn in ticketing revenue. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walk-through trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. [127] All lines use fixed-length trains with between six and eight cars, except for the Waterloo & City line that uses four cars.

WebUnderground: Tube lines are identified with different solid colours and a single thick line.

[243] Passengers are entitled to a refund if their journey is delayed by 15minutes or more due to circumstances within the control of TfL,[244] and in 2010, 330,000 passengers out of a potential 11million Tube passengers claimed compensation for delays.

[177][178] In 1921 a recorded voice instructed passengers to stand on the right and signs followed in the Second World War. The journey is around 55 minutes. The line runs 34 trains per hour for half an hour in the morning peak but is unable to operate more frequently because of a lack of additional trains. This pressure difference drives ventilation between platforms and the surface exits through the passenger foot network.

41miles (66 km) long. The London Underground is frequently studied by academics because it is one of the largest, oldest, and most widely used systems of public transit in the world. The London Tube has 11 lines: Bakerloo, Central, Circle, District, Hammersmith, Jubilee, Metropolitan, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria, and Waterloo. Underground. [222], The Underground runs a limited service on Christmas Eve with some lines closing early, and does not operate on Christmas Day. Customer satisfaction with London Underground by line Q2 2019/20. Although relatively modern and well within their design life, the trains need work in the medium term to ensure the continued reliability of the traction control equipment and maintain fleet serviceability until renewal, which is expected between 2028 and 2032. [250], In November 2011 it was reported that 80 people had died by suicide in the previous year on the London Underground, up from 46 in 2000. Waterloo & City, 10.6m per mile. The words "London Transport" were added inside the ring, above and below the bar. Steps at street level between stations (Zones 1-2) PDF 589KB. [315] The Central London Railway used colour illustrations in their 1905 poster,[316] and from 1908 the Underground Group, under Pick's direction, used images of country scenes, shopping and major events on posters to encourage use of the tube. [211], A concessionary fare scheme is operated by London Councils for residents who are disabled or meet certain age criteria. [13] The Travelcard ticket was introduced in 1983 and Oyster card, a contactless ticketing system, in 2003. [282], An early form of the roundel as used on the platform at Ealing Broadway, The form used today outside Westminster tube station, Roundel and "way out" arrow on a platform at Bethnal Green station, Michael Craig-Martin's 2016 roundel design, NO SMOKING signs using the roundel which are present only on the 1972 stock trains of the Bakerloo line, Seventy of the 272 London Underground stations use buildings that are on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, and five have entrances in listed buildings.

WebThe District Line has the most stations: 60. This resulted in a 40% increase in capacity between Seven Sisters and Walthamstow Central. Until Sunday 19 February 2023. The tiling at Baker Street incorporates repetitions of Sherlock Holmes's silhouette,[304] at Tottenham Court Road semi-abstract mosaics by Eduardo Paolozzi feature musical instruments, tape machines and butterflies, [305] and at Charing Cross, David Gentleman designed the mural depicting the construction of the Eleanor Cross. The London Underground lines listed from longest to shortest. [293] In the 1920s and 1930s, Charles Holden designed a series of modernist and art-deco stations some of which he described as his 'brick boxes with concrete lids'. The trains have exceeded their design life of around 40 years and are in need of replacement.

As at 19 March 2013[update] there had been 310days since the last major incident,[247] when a passenger had died after falling on the track. Since then more lines have been District, 5.2m per mile. The Underground is served by the following depots: In the years since the first parts of the London Underground opened, many stations and routes have been closed. However, no funding has been allocated for this proposed extension. Central line capacity increased by 25% with 33 tph at peak times by 2030. Part of the Greater London Authority, the TfL Board is appointed by the Mayor of London, who also sets the structure and level of public transport fares in London. One infraco Metronet went into administration in 2007, and TfL took over the other Tube Lines in 2010. District: Ealing Common, Lillie Bridge Depot, Upminster. Over 500million journeys have taken place using contactless, and TfL has become one of Europe's largest contactless merchants, with around 1 in 10 contactless transactions in the UK taking place on the TfL network. [263] He presented his original draft in 1931, and after initial rejection it was first printed in 1933.

London Underground is therefore extending their operational life by making major repairs to many of the trains to maintain reliability. Kings Cross St. Pancras has the most London Underground lines served by one station. Passengers intending to travel into or out of London Victoria station over the Easter weekend are being advised to plan ahead, with line [168], In June 2006 a groundwater cooling system was installed at Victoria station. Two platforms serve the subsurface Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines with the remaining six platforms are deep Tube lines of the Northern, Piccadilly and Victoria lines with two platforms each. The Metropolitan Railway protested about the change of plan, but after arbitration by the Board of Trade, the DC system was adopted. [16] This technology, developed in-house by TfL,[209] has been licensed to other major cities like New York City[210] and Boston. The current operator, London Underground Limited (LUL), is a wholly owned subsidiary of Transport for London (TfL), the statutory corporation responsible for the transport network in London. [225][226] On 23 May 2016 it was announced that the night service would launch on 19 August 2016 for the Central and Victoria lines. For London Underground passengers, research suggests that transfers are highly costly in terms of walk and wait times. During March 2023, the Northern Line became the latest Tube line to see the arrival of Vodafone 5G at Archway and Tufnell Park stations, It is great that Vodafone customers are now able to benefit again from free WiFi at London Underground stations, which has been a massive benefit for those using the Tube for more than 10 years. [47] An extension of the Central line west to Ealing was also delayed by the war and was completed in 1920.

Steps at street level between stations including National Rail (Zones 1 Many of the 270 stations serve more than one of the 11 lines running below the streets of London. [54] The Waterloo & City Railway, which was by then in the ownership of the main line Southern Railway, remained with its existing owners. WebSearch for Tube station or line (e.g. [249] A special staff training facility was opened at West Ashfield tube station in TFL's Ashfield House, West Kensington in 2010 at a cost of 800,000. [312], Early advertising posters used various letter fonts. [200] Single and return tickets are available in either format, but Travelcards (season tickets) for longer than a day are available only on Oyster cards. Many of the 270 stations serve more than one of the 11 lines running below the streets of London. Metropolitan line - 66.7km. [75], In 1979 another new tube, the Jubilee line, named in honour of Queen Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee, took over the Stanmore branch from the Bakerloo line, linking it to a newly constructed line between Baker Street and Charing Cross stations.

[37] Robyn Denny designed the murals on the Northern line platforms at Embankment. The Tube Challenge is the competition for the fastest time to travel to all London Underground stations, tracked by Guinness World Records since 1960. 34 stations. [93] This record was subsequently beaten in later years, with 4.82 million riders in December 2015.